Prambanan Temple The Most Beautiful Temples In Southeast Asia

Prambanan Temple The Most Beautiful Temples In Southeast Asia

Prambanan Temple or Rara Jonggrang Temple is the largest Hindu's temple complex in Indonesia, which was built in the 9th century AD. The temple is dedicated to Trimurti, the three main Hindu gods are Brahma the creator, Vishnu the maintainer, and Shiva the god of destruction. Based on the inscription Siwagrha original name of this temple is Siwagrha (Sanskrit which means 'House of Shiva'), and indeed in garbagriha (main room) temple dwells Mahadeva Shiva statue as high as three meters showed that the god Shiva in this temple are preferred.

The temples located at village of Prambanan, Java, about 20 kilometers east of Yogyakarta, 40 kilometers west of Surakarta and 120 kilometers south of Semarang, just on the border between the provinces of Central Java and Yogyakarta.

This temple including on UNESCO World Heritage Site, the largest Hindu's temple in Indonesia, and one of the most beautiful temples in Southeast Asia. Architecture of the temples is tall and slender form in accordance with Hindu architecture in general as the main temple of Shiva temple has a height reaching 47 meters in the center of the complex cluster of towering temples smaller. As one of the grandest temples in Southeast Asia, Prambanan temple is the main attraction of tourists from around the world

The entrance to the building complex is located at the four corners of the wind direction, but the building is facing to the east, the main entrance of the temple is the east gate. Prambanan temple complex consists of:

3 Trimurti Temples: Shiva temple, Vishnu temple, and Brahma temple
3 Wahana Temples: Nandi temple, Garuda temple, and Geese temple
2 Apit Tempels: located between rows of Trimurti temples and temples rides in the north and south
4 Kelir Temples: located at the 4 corners of the wind just inside the entrance to the inner courtyard   or the core zone
4 Patok Temples: located at the 4 corners or pages in the core zone
224 Perwara: arranged in 4 rows of concentric with the number of rows of the inner temple to outer: 44, 52, 60, and 68
So there are 240 temples in the complex of Prambanan.


Originally there were 240 big and small temples in Prambanan temple complex. But now only 18 temples; ie 8 main temples and eight small temples in the core zone and 2 ancillary temples. Many ancillary temples are not restored, of 224 ancillary temples only 2 that have been restored, which left only a pile of stones scattered about. Prambanan temple complex consists of three zones: first is the outer zone, second the middle zone is made ​​up of hundreds of temples, the third is in a zone which is the holiest spot zone eight main temples and eight small shrines.

Sectional plan Prambanan temple complex is a square of land consists of three sections or zones, each zone is restricted page wall andesite. Outer zone is characterized by a square fence on each side along the 390 meters, with the orientation of the Northeast - Southwest. Unless the remaining southern gate, the other gates and walls of the temple, there are many missing. The function of the outer courtyard is certainly not known; possibility of park land is sacred, or dorm complex Brahmin and his disciples. Maybe once the building standing in the outer courtyard is made of wood, so it had rotted and destroyed.

Prambanan temple architecture guided by the traditions of Hindu architecture which is based on the book Wastu Literature. Plan temple follows the pattern of the mandala, while the towering form of the temple is a typical Hindu temple. Prambanan real name Siwagrha and designed to resemble the home of Shiva, which is the shape of the sacred mountain Mahameru, where the gods dwell. The entire temple complex is modeled on the concept of the universe according to Hindu cosmology, which is divided into several layers of the realm, nature or Loka.

Such as Borobudur, Prambanan temple also has a level zones, ranging from the less holy to the most holy zone. Despite the different names, each of these Hindu concept bears some resemblance to the Buddhist concept of essentially the same.

At the time of restoration, just below the Shiva statue in the main hall there is a Shiva temple in the bottom wells contained pripih (stone box). The well is deep and 5.75 meters pripih stone coffin was discovered on charcoal pile, soil, and animal bones of the victims. In the pripih there are sacred objects such as gold leaf inscribed with characters Waruna (god of the sea) and Parwata (mountain god). In this stone casket contained sheets of copper mixed with charcoal, ash, and soil, 20 ancient coins, a few grains of gems, glass, pieces of gold and silver sheets, shells, and 12 sheets of gold (5 of them in the form of turtles, dragon (cobra), padma, altar and egg).

Ramayana and Krishnayana
The temple is decorated with a narrative that tells the Hindu epics; Ramayana and Krishnayana. This story relif inscribed on a wall in the hallway gallery balustrade that surrounds the three main temples. Relief is read from right to left to move clockwise around the temple. This is in accordance with the ritual circumambulation, the ritual surrounding the shrine clockwise by pilgrims. Ramayana The story begins on the east side of Shiva temple and continued to Brahma temple temple. Vishnu on the balustrade of the temple there is a relief Krishnayana narrative that tells the life of Krishna as one Awatara Vishnu.
Relief Ramayana describes how Shinta, wife of Rama, was abducted by Ravana. Commander nation Vanara (monkey), Hanuman, come to Lanka to help Rama find Shinta. This story is also featured in the Ramayana, the Javanese wayang performances are staged regularly at Trimurti open stage every night of the full moon. Trimurti stage background is a magnificent view of the three main temples are illuminated by light.

Lokapala, Brahmins and Gods
Across narrative relief panels on the walls of the temple along the gallery decorated statues and reliefs depicting the gods and sages brahmin. Lokapala statues of the gods, the god of winds heavenly guards can be found in the Shiva temple. While the statues of the authors of the Vedas Brahmins are at the Brahma temple. In the temple there are statues of gods Vishnu flanked by two apsaras or celestial nymphs.

Prambanan panel: Lions and Kalpataru
On the outer wall of the temple door decorated by rows of niches (niche) that holds the stone lions flanked by two panels depicting the life Kalpataru trees. The tree is sacred in Hindu-Buddhist mythology considered trees that can meet the expectations and needs of people. At the foot of Kalpataru tree is flanked by a pair kinnaras-Kinnari (magical animal-headed human bodied birds), or a couple of other animals, such as birds, deer, sheep, monkey, horse, elephant, and others. Kalpataru is flanked by lion pattern typical pattern found only in Prambanan, because that's called a "panel Prambanan".

Beauty and Elegance Recreation Place of Sultan Yogyakarta

Taman sari is an area of ​​buildings constructed for the recreation area at the Royal family of Yogyakarta in 1758. Currently the park is better known as Taman Sari Water Castle. In addition to the royal family as a place of recreation, Taman Sari also serves as camouflage against the enemy's area and a stronghold. King of Yogyakarta at the time it makes the garden area as well as a place of meditation, place making batik for concubines and daughter-princess. Taman sari so graceful and majestic. Comfortable and quiet atmosphere you can feel when you are traveling to the Taman Sari Water Castle Yogyakarta.

Taman Sari complex located on the west of the Sultan's palace of Yogyakarta. Building forms that influenced with Hindu, Buddhist, Javanese, Islamic, Chinese, Portuguese and European architecture can be seen in some parts of this complex. Taman sari Yogyakarta has two gates in the west and east of the complex of buildings. The gate rich with carved beautiful ornament and  javanese motives. Large gate with these each ornaments have its own meaning.

Inside of Taman Sari complex there is a bathing place for the king's mistress and daughter. Previously this location has a large discharge of water and clear. Equipped with a rise buildings in the center as a place to rest and flower-shaped ornament in the middle of the pond makes accent and aura of this building is breathtaking.

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The Last Dinosaur Species In The World Still Exist In Komodo National Park - Indonesia

For tourists who love adventure tour by visiting exotic places, diving and down nature, Komodo National Park will make your vacation an unforgettable tour. You can see traces of past life are preserved and exist in the habitat until now. Komodo is the last of the dinosaur species that lived thousands of years ago.

Komodo National Park is one of the conservation area that aims to save species of giant lizard dragons or a unique and rare. Komodo Island is located between the provinces of West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara which includes the island of Komodo, Rinca and Padar island and several small islands with a land area covering 603 km2. And for the total area of ​​Komodo National Park is 1817 km2. Komodo National Park has been recognized by UNESCO as world heritage site in 1986.

Komodo dragons are known by the scientific name Varanus komodoensis is the world's largest lizard species. With a body length can reach 2-3 meters and the weight that can reach 70-100 pounds, these lizards occupy the dominating position of a top predator in their habitat ecosystems. Komodo dragon prey such as goats, deer, wild boar, birds and other wildlife. In certain conditions, the Komodo dragon can be a cannibal to prey on other dragons. Very sharp sense of smell makes komodo dragons can detect prey carcasses as far as 9 kilometers by using his tongue. Toxins and bacteria on the teeth is a natural weapon owned by dragons.

Komodo breed by laying eggs. But research has shown that Komodo dragons can reproduce without fertilization (parthenogenesis). It is thought to have saved the dragons from extinction.

In addition, komodo national park has a panoramic view of savanna and the underwater scenery are the main attraction of potential marine tourism such as fishing, snorkeling and diving you can do there with exotisme coral reefs and fish. Some interesting sites to visit include Loh Liang, Red Beach, Sabita Loh, Loh Buaya, Pulau Kalong, Golo Code, Molo Strait. There are 36 dive spots in the Komodo National Park is often visited by tourists as Tatawa island , Red Beach, Gililawa, Loh Dasami, Pillar Steen, Batu Bolong and Taka Makasar.

As one of the flagship attraction, the Park provides accommodation ranging from accommodation provided by local people until international standard resort. Eco-tourism is expected to be able to bring in more domestic and foreign tourists.

To reach this place could do with a journey overland from Bali - Mataram - Bima - Sape then use the ferry to Labuan Bajo. From the Labuhan Bajo, tourists can visit the Komodo National Park using a speedboat.

Borobudur The Greatest Temple In The World

Borobudur temple is the name of a Buddhist temple located in Magelang, Central Java. Location of the temple is approximately 100 km southwest of Semarang and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. Borobudur temple is a very great historical sites and dashing. Many domestic and foreign tourists come to enjoy the splendor of State. Borobudur Temple does have a uniqueness and characteristics. Sculptures and carvings that exist at every level has its own value.

History Of Borobudur Temple

Borobudur was built around the year 800 AD or the 9th century. Borobudur was built by the adherents of Mahayana Buddhism during the reign of Syailendra dynasty. Borobudur Temple was founded by King Samaratungga from Syailendra dynasty. The possibility of this temple was built around 824 AD and was completed around the year 900 AD during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani who is the daughter of Samaratungga. While the architects who contributed to build this temple according to the story of hereditary named Gunadharma.

The word Borobudur is based on the first written evidence written by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Governor General of the United Kingdom in Java, which gives the name of this temple. There is no written evidence that older who named Borobudur. Only one of the oldest documents that show the existence of this temple is Nagarakretagama book, written by mpu Prapanca in 1365. In the book is written that this temple was used as a place of Buddhist meditation.

Meaning of the name Borobudur is "monastery in the hills", which comes from the word "bara" (temple or monastery) and "beduhur" (hills or high places) in Sanskrit. Therefore, in accordance with the meaning of the name Borobudur, then this place long ago used as a place of Buddhist worship.

Since volcanic eruptions, most of the Borobudur buildings covered with volcanic soil. In addition, the building is also covered with various trees and shrubs for centuries. Then the building of this temple began in the days of forgotten Islam arrived in Indonesia around the 15th century.

In 1814 when the British occupied Indonesia, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles heard of the discovery of huge archaeological objects in the Bumisegoro village of Magelang. Due to the great interest the history of Java, then immediately ordered Raffles HC Cornelius, a Dutch engineer, to investigate the location of the discovery which was a hill covered with shrubs.

Cornelius assisted by about 200 men cut trees and remove shrubs that covered the giant building. Because the building considering the already fragile and could collapse, then report to the Raffles Cornelius invention includes several images. Since that discovery, Raffles was awarded as the man who started the restoration of Borobudur and the attention of the world. In 1835, the entire area of ​​the temple has been unearthed. The temple is kept restored in the Dutch colonial period.

After Indonesia gained its independence, in 1956, the Indonesian government requested the assistance of UNESCO to examine the damage to Borobudur. Then in 1963, out of the official Indonesian government's decision to conduct the restoration of Borobudur temple with the help of UNESCO. However, this restoration was only really started on August 10, 1973. The process of restoration was recently completed in 1984. Since 1991, Borobudur designated as World Heritage or World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Level Structure Of Borobudur Temple

Borobudur Building shaped punden staircase consists of 10 levels, measuring 123 x 123 meters. Height of 42 meters and 34.5 meters before it was renovated after the renovation because the lowest level was used as a drag. This Buddhist temple has 1460 relief panels and 504 Buddha effigies in the complex. Six lowest level of a square and two upper circular form, and the highest level in the form of Buddhist stupa facing to the west.

Each level represents the stages of human life. Corresponding schools of Mahayana Buddhism, every person who wants to reach the level of the Buddha should be through every level of life.

Kamadhatu: the base of Borobudur, symbolizing the human are still bound by lust.
Rupadhatu: four levels on it, symbolizing human beings that have set themselves free from lust but still tied to appearance and shape. At that level, a statue of Buddha placed open.
Arupadhatu: three levels above where the Buddhist stupa placed in the holes. It symbolizes man who had been free from lust, appearance, and shape.
Arupa: the top that symbolizes nirvana, where Buddha is residing.

Each level has reliefs that will be read coherently run clockwise (towards the left of the entrance of the temple). In the reliefs of Borobudur tells of a legendary story, a variety of story content, among others, there are reliefs of the Hindu epic Ramayana, there are also reliefs Jataka stories. In addition, there are relief panels describing the condition of society at that time. For example, relief of farmers' activity reflecting the advance of agriculture system and relief of sailing boat representing the advance of shipping at that time centered on Bergotta (Semarang).

All relief panels in Borobudur temple reflect the Buddha's teachings. A Buddhist from India named Atisha, the 10th century once visited this temple that was built 3 centuries before Angkor Wat in Cambodia and 4 centuries before the Grand Cathedrals in Europe. Thanks to visiting Borobudur and having the script of Serlingpa Buddhism (one of the King of Sriwijaya), Atisha was able to develop Buddhism. He became head Vikramasila monastery and taught Tibetans of practicing Dharma. Six manuscripts of Serlingpa was condensed into a core doctrine called "The Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment" or better known by the name Bodhipathapradipa.

Borobudur Temple Building Material 

Borobudur is the second largest temple after Ankor Wat temple in Cambodia. Borobudur Temple building area 15,129 m2, composed of 55,000 m3 of rock, from 2 million pieces of rocks. Average stone size 25 cm x 10 cm x 15 cm. Overall length of cut stone 500 km with a total weight of 1.3 million tons of stone. The walls of Borobudur Temple surrounded by pictures or reliefs which are a series of stories that made ​​up the panel in 1460. The length of each panel 2 meters. If the series of reliefs that stretched the length of the approximately 3 km of relief entirely. The number of levels there are ten, 1-6 levels of a square, while the 70-10 round. Arca found throughout the temple buildings totaling 504 units. High temple of the soil surface until the end of the main stupa was 42 meters, 34.5 meters but now lives after being struck by lightning.

According to the investigation of an anthropologist, ethnologist Austria, Robert von Heine Geldern, ancestor of the Indonesian people are familiar with grammar and culture in the Neolithic period Megalithic originating from South Vietnam and Cambodia. In ancient Megalithic that the ancestors of Indonesia to make the tomb of his ancestors as well as a place of worship tiered pyramid building, getting to the top gets smaller. One was found in Lebak Sibedug Leuwiliang Bogor West Java. Similar buildings are also found in Sukuh near Solo, Borobudur Temple also. If we look from a distance, Borobudur will look like a staircase or a similar arrangement of building the pyramids and a stupa. Unlike the giant pyramids in Egypt and the Pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico Borobudur is another version of pyramid building. Borobudur pyramid form kepunden staircase will not be found in the region and any country, including in India. This is one of the advantages of Borobudur temple which is a typical Buddhist architecture in Indonesia.

Vesak (Waisak) Celebration at Borobudur

Every year on the full moon in May (or June in leap years), Buddhists in Indonesia to commemorate Vesak (waisak) at Borobudur. Vesak is celebrated as the day of birth, death and the time when Siddhartha Gautama obtain the highest wisdom to become the Buddha Shakyamuni. The third event is called Vesak Trisuci. Vesak ceremony centered on three Buddhist temples by walking from the Mendut to Pawon and ends at Borobudur.
On the eve of Vesak, particularly during peak moment of full moon, Buddhists gathered around Borobudur. At that time, Borobudur is believed to be a gathering place of supernatural power. According to belief, during Vesak, the Buddha will appear in a look at the top of the mountain in the south.

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